Principles of Management Final Spring 2026 Question Paper

1. Explain the various types of operational plans with suitable real or hypothetical business examples, and compare decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty by explaining which condition is easier for making decisions and why. CLO-1, L-2. (Marks-8) 2. Rafi works in a manufacturing company where his job includes performing several related tasks. Recently, his manager added more responsibilities and gave him greater freedom in deciding how to complete his work. Explain the basic job design alternatives and illustrate which job design alternative is reflected in Rafi's situation. CLO-1, L-2. (Marks-8) 3. Demonstrate how equity theory can be used to explain a situation in which you experienced inequity at work and show whether your feeling of inequity was justified. Suppose your organization is facing declining employee motivation because many employees are finding it difficult to balance their work responsibilities with personal commitments. Apply your understanding of alternative work arrangements to show which work schedule would be most and least suitable for addressing this situation and explain why. CLO-2, L-3. (Marks-8) 4. Analyze the different styles of leadership by distinguishing their major characteristics and leader behaviors. Then, examine the Managerial Grid with the help of a diagram and differentiate the leadership styles based on their levels of concern for people and concern for production. CLO-3, L-4. (Marks-8) 5. A retail company has recently experienced declining sales, frequent employee errors, and increasing customer complaints. Management has introduced a control system to monitor activities and improve organizational performance. Analyze the four basic purposes of control in relation to the above situation and examine how an effectively designed control system can help the company achieve each purpose. CLO-3, L-4. (Marks-8).