ICT in Business Semester Final Spring 2026

Question No. 1 : Cybersecurity in business is the practice of protecting digital assets, networks, systems, and data from unauthorized access, theft, or damage. It involves a combination of technology, processes, and employee training to prevent cyberattacks such as ransomware and phishing, ensuring operational continuity, customer privacy, and the protection of financial records. Using your understanding of computer threats, identify & explain three different types of computer security threats related to user, hardware data, data, and apply best security practices to show how these threats can be solved.

Question No. 2 [CLO 2, Level 2] [Marks:6+4=10] A business database centralizes data to improve decision-making, efficiency, and security, with top options including relational systems for structured data or cloud-based platforms for accessibility. A database is the backbone of modern business systems. It helps organizations manage data efficiently, improve operational performance, and make informed decisions, which is essential in today's data-driven business environment. Explain the data hierarchy with an example, and illustrate the applications of database management systems (DBMS).

Question No. 3 [CLO 2, Level 2] [Marks: 10] An operating system plays a fundamental role in ensuring the efficient functioning of a computer system by managing hardware resources, facilitating software operations, and enabling user interaction. It acts as an interface between the user and the machine, making complex computational processes accessible and manageable. Understanding the concept and different types of operating systems is essential for comprehending how modern business applications and digital systems operate. Explain the concept of an operating system and describe the different types of operating systems with suitable examples.

Question No. 4 [CLO 3, Level 3] [Marks: 5+5=10] Latest business technologies in 2026 focus on autonomous AI, hyper-connectivity, and unified software platforms. Top trends include agentic AI for complex workflows, 5G/6G, IoT connectivity, and superapps that integrate fragmented services. Businesses are prioritizing energy- efficient, Al-driven solutions to optimize operations and sustainability Identify the impact of 5G on connectivity & performance and apply your knowledge of digital collaboration platforms to illustrate how future trends can be used to improve productivity in a business organization.