ICT in Business – Spring 2026 – Midterm

Question No. 1 [CLO 1, Level 1] [Marks: 2+8=10] Information and Communication Technology (ICT) continue to transform the way people communicate, work, and interact in the digital era. With the emergence of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Big Data, Blockchain, Cyber Physical Systems, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), ICT is reshaping industries and accelerating digital transformation worldwide. Define Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Show how these latest technologies are integrated through ICT applications in different sectors such as education, healthcare, business, finance, agriculture, manufacturing etc. providing relevant examples. Question No. 2 [CLO 2, Level 2] [Marks: 2+3=5] Cloud computing enables organizations to store and access data through online platforms instead of relying on physical infrastructure. It makes managing applications and digital services easier and more efficient, while allowing businesses to adapt smoothly to changing needs. Contrast traditional IT and cloud computing and explain the different cloud service models. Discuss how these models differ in terms of control, responsibility, and usage. Question No. 3 [CLO 2, Level 2] [Marks: 7+3=10] Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has reshaped traditional business operations by enabling digital transactions and reducing the need for physical interaction. The rapid growth of mobile payment systems has further accelerated its global expansion. Explain the different types of e-commerce and illustrate how e-commerce payment systems support these types.