History of the Emergence of Bangladesh – Spring 2026 – Midterm

1. Based on the map of Bangladesh, outline the introduction of Bangladesh. (CLO1, Level -2) (5 marks) 2. Imagine a country facing rapid change where political decisions, economic pressures, and social transformations affect everyday life. The present political condition is marked by strong governance alongside concerns about democratic participation and public trust. Economically, Bangladesh shows steady growth but struggles with inflation, unemployment, and income inequality. Socially, progress in education and health continues, yet poverty and unequal access to opportunities remain challenges. Show the present political, economic and social condition. (CLO2, Level-3) (5 marks) 3. The land of Banga has a long history, evolving through ancient kingdoms, medieval Bengal, and British colonial rule. After becoming East Pakistan in 1947, it gained independence in 1971 as the nation of Bangladesh. Develop the historical journey from Banga to Bangladesh using a flowchart. (CLO2, Level- 3) (5 marks) 4. Long ago, in ancient Bengal, a young farmer named Ramu lived by the banks of the Ganges. He spent his days planting rice, fishing in the rivers, and trading jute and spices with nearby villages using small boats. People learned from elders, and most tools were made of wood or stone. Today, a young girl named Maya in the same region goes to school, uses a smartphone to study, and her family grows rice with modern machinery. Instead of trading by river, they sell goods in markets and even export products abroad. While both Ramu and Maya depend on the fertile land and rivers, their daily activities, education, and work reflect how human life has changed from ancient Bengal to present-day Bangladesh. Compare human activities in ancient Bengal with those in present-day Bangladesh, highlighting the differences and similarities. (CLO3, Level-4) (5 marks) 5. Once a mighty empire that stretched across almost all of India, the Mughal Empire began to crumble like a sandcastle facing the rising tide. After the death of Aurangzeb, weak successors failed to hold the vast empire together, and court intrigues tore the royal family apart. Endless wars, heavy taxation, and corruption drained the treasury while provinces like the Marathas and Sikhs broke away. Foreign invaders such as Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali looted cities, and European powers quietly tightened their grip. In the end, centuries of glory gave way to decline, leaving only a shadow of the once-mighty Mughal Empire. Analyze the causes of the downfall of the Mughal Empire. (CLO3, Level-4) (5 marks)